Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, are used in a wide variety of applications, such as the military, construction, image and video mapping, medicine, search and rescue, package delivery, exploration of hidden areas, monitoring of oil platforms and power lines, precision agriculture, wireless communication and. UAVs are used for observation and tactical planning. This technology is now available for use in the emergency response field to help crew members. Unmanned aerial vehicles are classified according to altitude range, strength and weight, and support a wide range of applications, including military and commercial applications.
The smaller categories of unmanned aerial vehicles are usually accompanied by ground control stations that consist of laptop computers and other components that are small enough to be easily transported with the aircraft in small vehicles, on board ships, or in backpacks. Unmanned aerial vehicles that are equipped with high-precision cameras can navigate the disaster zone, take photographs, and allow crew members to perform structural and imaging analyses. As unmanned aerial vehicle operations require on-site personnel, it will be useful for on-site crew members to first access the disaster area before entering the disaster-affected area. Unmanned aerial vehicles that are suitable for outdoor operation and can fly at a reasonable altitude are used for disaster impact analysis.
The important aspect of these unmanned aerial vehicles is that the initial evaluation provides clear direction for disaster planning. Once the survivors have been detected through image analysis, crew members can attempt to contact the survivors and carry out rapid rescue operations. Unmanned nanoaerial vehicles can be used in an integrated way and combined with the capabilities of robots, and can be very useful for detecting structural damage in buildings and detecting survivors trapped in the rubble. Nowadays, drones are used for more than just stunning photos and award-winning movies.
SenseFly, acquired by the French drone company Parrot in the third quarter of 2012, has used its drones to create a 3D representation of the infamous Matterhorn peak in Zermatt (Switzerland). Drones were able to map the entire face of the mountain in less than 7 hours. Climbers and skiers can use these types of models to better understand the terrain. Various civil and military organizations participate in citizen security programs.
In an attempt to offer maximum security to citizens without any danger, they take several measures and take advantage of different technologies. One of the latest technologies used in search and rescue missions is drone technology. It has a better advantage of collecting and analyzing data, and its use is practical in most cases. Nowadays, drones are used in fire detection, extinction and marine rescue.
While drone technology is quite advanced today, drone-powered search and rescue missions suffer from the short flight time limit, which is about 25 minutes. Currently, there are strict rules regarding the use of drones in open, populated areas where people reside. Therefore, this problem must be addressed to improve security and surveillance through the use of drones. With the increasing autonomy, intelligence and multitasking requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle applications, the efficiency and level of intelligence of operating a single unmanned aerial vehicle have gradually ceased to meet the requirements of the task application.
However, in problems with several unmanned aerial vehicles, in order to obtain an optimal solution, aerial vehicles must not only avoid collisions with obstacles, but must also avoid collisions with other unmanned aerial vehicles. Prox Dynamics, a manufacturer of military unmanned aerial vehicles purchased by FLIR Systems in the fourth quarter of 2016, offers one of the many reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles used by the military around the world, including the United States Marines, the British Army, the Australian Army and the Norwegian Armed Forces. It is planned to implement an inverted vertical stabilizer in this medium-range UAV to execute the yaw maneuver; in addition, the same inverted vertical stabilizer can serve as a landing gear for this UAV. However, some multi-category unmanned aerial vehicles are difficult to design and implement, such as high-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles designed to perform some patrol tasks, and small long-range drones for reconnaissance.
Lee and Choi (201) proposed a network of emergency unmanned aerial vehicles that can be rapidly deployed in disaster-affected regions to temporarily restore the interrupted communication service, by placing unmanned aerial vehicles as relays. .
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